How To Build A Deck
What is a Deck?
A deck is simply a room created by a floor structure. A well planned deck effectively expands your living space to the outdoors. Optionally, a deck can be made into an indoor structure by enclosing it with screen or glass. However, indoor decks and patio enclosures (a different type of indoor deck) are beyond the scope of this article.
Who Should Build My Deck?
You can build your deck yourself or you can hire a professional to build it for you. If you have never built a deck before we suggest that you build a single level deck. However, if you are the adventurous type and have some experience with framing then we hope this article will offer some help with your project. For the purpose of this article we are assuming that you have elected to build your deck as a do-it-yourself project.
If you prefer to hire a contractor to build your deck for you it's a good idea to refer to our Selecting a Contractor page. Our Contractors Directory offer a list of contractors across the US. Try searching the zip code field using the first 3 number of your zip code to narrow your search to contractors in your town.
What Type of Deck Should I Build?
There are many choices for a deck structure. Your major choices are single-level decks, multi-level decks, basic decks, pool decks and spa decks or some combination thereof.
Single Level Raised Deck |
Multi-level Deck |
Deck with Spa |
Basic Deck |
Pool Deck - in ground |
Pool Deck - above ground |
Single level decks and basic decks are the most common. These decks are build on one level with an optional set of strairs to exit the deck if built more than 18" off the ground. Multi-level decks are the equivalent of two or more single level decks. Often multi-level decks overlap and may include separate sets of stairs to get from one level to another. An L-Shaped deck is built in the shape of an "L". L-Shaped decks often wrap around the corner of a house. Pool decks and Spa decks are framed to accommodate extra weight.
The type of deck for you depends primarily on your intended use. Obviously, you would not want to entertain a large group of people on a small deck built outside your bedroom. Consider how you intend to use the deck. Some ideas are:
Private Sun-Bathing
This deck should be relatively small. The idea placement for a private sun-bathing deck is outside the bedroom. However, if your bedroom does not get much sunlight or the sun shines on the deck during working hours then you may want to consider another location. An 8 foot by 8 foot (8'x8') deck make a nice sun bathing deck.
Large Parties
If you regularly entertain 20 or more people during the early evening hours, a large deck located outside the family room may be a wise choice. Consider an L shaped deck if yard space is limited. A 16'x20' deck should be the minimum size for your needs.
Family Use
A deck intended primarily for family use and small gathering are the most common decks. 8'x12' decks generally offers enough room for a grill and adequate free space. Scale the size of the deck to fit your needs.
Where Should I Build My Deck?
Location, Location, Location
Determining where to build your deck is extremely important. Since a deck can be added to any side of your house or can be built as a free standing unit anywhere in your yard you will have a free hand determining exactly where to build it. However, obstacles such as utilities, plants and trees may impose limitations.
Survey the Perimeter of Your House and Yard
Note the location and the time of day that get sun and shade. NOTE: The sun's angle will change with the seasons. A deck built in the winter will get shade at a different time of day and at a different angle in the summer. Pay attention to the terrain.You may not want your deck too close to a deciduous tree - a tree that shed leaves - because of the fall cleanup.
Consider the Long Term Consequences of Your Decision
Decks are not mobile. Once it's in place that portion of your yard space can not be used for other projects. Also, you may want to add to your deck at some point in the future, so consider where your property line ends.
